Telomeres and Tumors Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Telomeres and Tumors - Research Paper Example At once, the DNA at the finishes of chromosomes appeared to be static. However in many creatures that have been contemplated, the tips, called telomeres, are entirely transforming; they abbreviate and extend repeatedly† (Glieder and Blackburn). Since the previous fifteen years, there have been amazing discoveries, concerning this change. Getting to the particulars, it has prompted the revelation of theastonishing protein, telomerase that follows up on telomeres and is viewed as a pre imperative for the upkeep of malignant growth in individual. Geneticists, Barbara McClintock, of University of Missouri at Columbia, and Hermann J. Muller, from the University of Edinburgh, are credited with having accomplished broad work on the complicated subjects of telomeres and telomerase. These researchers workedunconnectedly and with disparate creatures, anyway them two understood that chromosomes were balanced out by an uncommon part on their closures. â€Å"Muller authored the term telome re, from the Greek for end (telos) and part (meros). McClintock noticed that without these end tops, chromosomes stick to each other, experience basic changes and get rowdy in different manners. These exercises undermine the endurance and loyal replication of chromosomes and, thus, of the cells lodging them.† (Glieder and Blackburn). ... â€Å"The watched heterogeneity drove Blackburn, who had moved to the University of California at Berkeley, Jack W. Szostak of Harvard University and Janis Shampay of Berkeley to propose another answer for what has been known as the end-replication problem† (Glieder and Blackburn). â€Å"In 1972 James D. Watson, working at both Harvard and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, noticed that DNA polymerases, the compounds that recreate DNA, couldn't duplicate direct chromosomes right to the tip. Thus, the replication hardware needed to leave a little area toward the end (a bit of the telomere) un-copied.† (Glieder and Blackburn). Hypothetically, if the phones couldn't repay for this accident, chromosomes would diminish in their separate lengths, with each degree of mitosis. The erosion from now on annihilating the telomeres and dangerous qualities in some gathering of the phones. The varieties in the length of telomere, for the researchers, were a marker that cells maintain telo meres at a steady size, or possibly they attempt to. The telomeres decline long during mitosis, however their length likewise increments as newly shaped subunits append themselves to them. â€Å"The specialists associated that the source with these extra rehashes was some unfamiliar compound fit for a stunt that standard DNA polymerases couldn't perform.† (Glieder and Blackburn). â€Å"When cells reproduce their chromosomes, which comprise of two strands of DNA contorted around one another, they start by isolating the twofold helix. The polymerases utilize each of these parentstrands as a layout for building another accomplice. The extraordinary compound the laborers imagined would have the option to construct expansions to single strands of DNA without any preparation, without advantage of a current DNA template.† (Glieder

Arthur Miller Essay

Somewhere in the range of 1949 and 1953, Arthur Miller composed two of his most well known plays. The two plays managed serious issues in the public eye. The primary characters of the plays were comparable. Additionally, the supporting characters of the two plays were indistinguishable. Arthur Miller’s plays Death of a Salesman and The Crucible are comparable from numerous points of view. The principle reason for both Death of a Salesman and The Crucible was to show serious issues in American culture. In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller was attempting to show the inconceivabilities of the American Dream. In The Crucible, he was attempting to show how society is bigoted toward others and is inclined to delirium. The two plays managed society vanquishing the normal, dedicated man. Each play demonstrated a general public that was loaded with double dealing and liars. In both of these plays, society was portrayed as a malicious thing that would overwhelm the normal individual an d make an unjustifiable world. The principle characters of Death of a Salesman and The Crucible, Willy Loman and John Proctor, were indistinguishable from numerous points of view. Both of these men had extramarital illicit relationships, and in the two cases, the issues wound up annihilating their lives. Both of these men were persevering, normal men who were simply attempting to make a decent life for themselves and their families. Names were critical to the two men, and the two of them invested wholeheartedly in their names. In the two cases, numerous choices the two made were a direct result of their relatives. One huge likeness among Willy and John was the way that the two of them in the long run passed on, and the demise was mostly their decision. The two men could have stayed away from death, however rather, they decided to pass on in light of the fact that they trusted it was the right activity. In these two plays, there were likewise numerous similitudes between the supporting characters. In the two plays, kids had significantly more force than they ordinarily do. In Death of a Salesman, Willy’s child controlled quite a bit of his life. In The Crucible, the young ladies, drove basically by Abigail Williams, made numerous individuals be hanged, and considerably more to be detained. Likewise, both John and Willy had spouses that were faithful to them for the duration of their lives and upheld them until the end. The two plays demonstrated a figure of intensity, seen as Howard in one play and Judge Danforth in the other. In the two plays, the primary character had a companion who defended them toward the end. Willy had Charley, who had been his closest companion for quite a while, and John had Reverend Hale, who attempted to forestall John’s demise. There are numerous likenesses between characters in the two plays. Demise of a Salesman and The Crucible are similar from multiple points of view. Arthur Miller made comparative characters in the two plays. He utilized both to show the numerous things wrong in America. These two plays are both incredible bits of writing that ought to be perused and increased in value by all people.Sources: Death of a Salesman and The Crucible by Arthur Miller Arthur Miller Essay Can the crowd be sure that Abigail is imagining when she has her fits (pages thirty nine-forty and ninety one-ninety six) In sixteen ninety two there was a flare-up of hangings for black magic. Arthur Miller put together â€Å"The Crucible† with respect to the occasions that lead to this to make a moral story of the occasions that occurred in the nineteen fifties, when Joseph McCarthy was the leader of the examinations of the senate advisory group on inward security. When Abigail her fit on page ninety two, Miller leaves the crowd confounded in light of the other girls’ response to what Abigail does and furthermore to Mary Warren’s allegations. When Abigail begins emulating Mary Warren the young ladies duplicate Abigail and begin utilizing it to blame Mary Warren for â€Å"sending a shadow on them,† so Abigail utilized its abrupt passage into the court to prevent Mary Warren from coming clean about what occurred in the forested areas. The manner in which they decided to denounce her was by copying Mary Warren. â€Å"Mary Warren (shouting out as loud as possible, and raising her clench hands): Stop it!! Young ladies (raising their clench hands): Stop it!! † Arthur Miller includes more vulnerability by making different young ladies driving into the fits. This happens when Betty wakes upon page thirty nine and starts a fit off by saying, â€Å"I saw Goody Howe with the Devil! † This is compelling on the grounds that Betty is obviously sick at the time this happens then â€Å"As she is speaking BETTY is ascending from the bed, a fever in her eyes, and gets the serenade. † Then in a fit on page ninety two, Mercy Lewis says â€Å"Mercy Lewis (pointing): It’s on the pillar! Behind the beam! † This is the point at which the winged animal has showed up and Danforth asks where it was. This is a viable procedure to utilize and these focuses in the play since it keeps the crowd speculating and needing to realize what will occur straightaway. Mary Warren is available during both the fits that Abigail has, in spite of the fact that in the subsequent one on page ninety two she is the one both blaming and being charged. Toward the finish of the fit Mary Warren has a genuine pressure actuated fit â€Å"only MARY is left there, gazing up at the 'bird’, shouting frantically. All watch her startled by this clear fit. † The way that Mary Warren has now joined in isn’t the main thing that makes this powerful it is that she has quite recently altered her perspective in the wake of being so undaunted on coming clean, likewise this involves Proctor similar to a witch since he is the one that took her to the court. In the sixteen nineties the structures were outfitted in a moderate manner since individuals couldn’t bear the cost of substantially more that the basics, for instance in Betty’s room would have a bed a little bureau for her garments and a seat. There would likewise be a couple of windows. Along these lines it would be very stunning seeing it topped off with for the most part little youngsters, at that point when all the young ladies unexpectedly begin yelling it would be overpowering and very confounding for a group of people part observing this just because. Nonetheless, When Mary Warren is convinced to go to court she appears to be terrified of Abigail as she says; â€Å"She’ll murder me for sayin’ that! † The crowd additionally realize that Abigail has lied from the earliest starting point about what occurred in the forested areas, as Abigail disclosed to her uncle that everything they did was move yet then Betty says â€Å"you drank an appeal to slaughter Goody Proctor! Additionally in a similar discussion Abigail reveals to Mary Warren to continue lying, â€Å"Let both of you hint even the slightest bit at different things and I will come to you operating at a profit of some horrendous night and I will bring pointy figuring that will shiver you. † When the young ladies duplicate Abigail they never get on straight away they generally require a significant stretch of time to participate, for example, in the court on page ninety two Abigail needs to rehash what Mary Warren says twice before the young ladies begin rehashing also. â€Å"The Crucible† is a purposeful anecdote of what was going on in America in the nineteen fifties. At the point when Joseph McCarthy turned into a representative bunches of individuals began experiencing difficulty with being blamed for being a socialist. It was essentially entertainers, on-screen characters and journalists that were charged yet once you were denounced there were just two things you could do to prevent yourself from being boycotted, which implied you would think that its difficult to work once more, you could either confess to being a socialist and still be boycotted or you could do the simpler thing to demonstrate you weren’t a socialist which was blame another person. This is fundamentally the same as â€Å"The Crucible† as Abigail feels she needs to denounce Tituba with the goal that she isn’t blamed for which make. The main two contrasts when you were placed in this circumstance product that you wouldn’t be hung for being a socialist you just wouldn’t have the option to look for some kind of employment without any problem. The other contrast was that in Salem you must be a witch to be hung, though in America you must be a socialist. There are sure likenesses among Salem and today, for example, today, loads of individuals treat Muslims diversely in light of the fact that others have transformed Muslims into a substitute and anticipated everything amiss with the general public that they live in and been accused on a specific gathering of individuals, which for our situation is Muslims. This bias against specific gatherings of individuals regularly isn’t reasonable. In America they anticipated their feelings of dread onto socialists since they were that the socialist uprising in Russia would spread to America, however now we are concerned on the grounds that a couple of Muslims out of millions chose to become self destruction aircraft and the legislature utilized them as a way to legitimize the war in Iraq by vilifying the fundamental confidence in that nation. In general I believe that the crowd wouldn’t have the option to whether Abigail was imagining while she was having her fits except if they had seen â€Å"The Crucible† previously, in light of the fact that Arthur Miller utilizes a great deal of strategies to befuddle or alarm the crowd.

The Debate Over Social Security Today Research Paper

The Debate Over Social Security Today - Research Paper Example The program made to help the individuals who are jobless in US is as yet practical and the program that was made to help the families that have dependant kids has been changed into a program made to help the poor ones. The time of the Great Depression prompted the formation of Social Security Act yet a similar thought existed even before this timeframe. For instance: during the 1880s a program to help the old matured individuals, pregnant ladies and sick individuals was useful in Germany. These projects are supposed to be created because of the urbanization of Germany. Thus, the program of social protection is said to have created because of the urbanization in US. During the time of 1880s the quantity of individuals working in ventures and number of individuals working in ranches and horticultural field were equivalent. By the 1930s, the quantity of individuals working in ranches diminished to 21% of the absolute workforce and individuals began picking up wage based work in the mode rn part. Further expresses that the wages earned by individuals working in industrialized territories were variable in nature even before the Great Depression. Prior to the Great Depression, the joblessness rate between the periods of 1905 to 109 varied from as low as 3.9% to 16.4% and the joblessness rate during the time of 1920 to 1924 vacillated from 4.1% to 19.5% (Kennedy, 1999). At whatever point monetary downtrend occurred in US, the classification of individuals who took the greater part of the weight were the old matured individuals, opposite symptoms of downtrend included loss of pay because of weaknesses and passing. These impacts picked up the consideration of the approach creators and during the Great Depression these issues increased more quality as during this period the joblessness rate in non agrarian segments raised to 34%. Increment in the level of these issues caused the arrangement creators to make the Social security program (Green, 2003). The early evolved prog ram of Social Security was not structured in a manner to give quick help from the impacts of the Great sadness. The early program was to some degree like the Townsend plan as per which people maturing 60 or more were given a mature age benefits of $200. This sum was just given to those people who were not utilized or couldn't work and they needed to spend the whole sum in one specific months timeframe. This program never turned into a piece of the US constitution however increased gigantic prevalence since it concentrated on cleaning of neediness and to acquire monetary achievement. Body Several highlights of the Social Security Act of 1935 are as yet accessible in the present Social security framework, throughout the years the framework has encountered different changes. The progressions made to the demonstration during the period of 1939 have now become a piece of discussion. The Act in its actual shape was made to give retirement assets to the individuals who were not, at this po int utilized and were maturing more than 65 years. The detailing of the advantages that should have been offered to old matured individuals under this demonstration depended on the salary earned by these old matured individuals since 1937 and the advantages were offered to individuals originating from restricted sorts of occupations. The primary detailing of advantages offered extremely low advantages to the old matured individuals when contrasted with the wages earned by a normal laborer during that timespan (Livingston, 2008). These advantages were never applied to the Social Security Act; the main highlights applied from this Social Security A

Analysis of an Angel Island poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Examination of an Angel Island sonnet - Essay Example It is clear the carvings and compositions are remaining proof showing the encounters of Chinese outsiders and events at Angel station in San Francisco. The sonnets found at the station are the most sensational disclosures in American writing. Today, in any event researchers are deciphering and deciphering sonnets over the world (Lai, Lim, and Yung 12). Cut on wooden structures by Chinese settlers who never became workers in America following Exclusion Act, the sonnets uncover the uncommon detainment of foreigners for quite a long time and months on the island anticipating freedom by American movement authorities (Lai, Lim, and Yung 20). Furthermore, these sonnets uncovered the work conditions and financial conditions in California in the twentieth century. By giving a point by point record of the situation of Chinese outsiders in San Francisco, the assortment of sonnets addressed American belief systems of boundless and equivalent open door coasted in the twentieth century. It is obvious the sonnets uncover different subjects not restricted to movement, distance, race, and work in America. A migrant from Heungshan composed a noticea ble sonnet that melds the encounters and events in San Francisco to show a few subjects. The sonnet was converted into English by Lai, Lim and Yung (1991) and composed into exposition. As indicated by the sonnet, Angel Island Immigration Station was a position of affliction and bitterness. The Chinese settlers were looking for work openings so as to gain a living in America. The Exclusion Act in late twentieth century that denied expanded Chinese relocation prompted sufferings and issues. Numerous foreigners remained in unhygienic and unfortunate conditions anticipating leeway from movement authorities, and the carvings and compositions exhibit the sharpness and hatred among outsiders. In any case, numerous Chinese workers suffered and withstood conditions at Angel Island Immigration

The Pain And Suffering Of The Voiceless People In Cinema Essay

The Pain And Suffering Of The Voiceless People In Cinema - Essay Example The need of depending on non-verbal correspondence is to be sure evident in the film, for the conspicuous explanation that the apparent casualties in the film are voiceless and weak. Without words, what is left for them is non-verbal communication, through move joined by music. The meaning of move as a type of articulation that utilizes materially developments that are musical, designed, now and then extemporized, found in each culture and is performed for purposes going from the stately, ritualistic and supernatural to the showy, social and basically feel (Britannica 2011), moderately associates with the film. The music that was without words and the moves were very engaging in the film. The developments were expressive, which was illustrative of the reflex reaction of the kids when at serious risk, which is to either escape or given up to conceal the dread. The movement is on the side of the craving of the caught youngsters to promptly take care of the negative feeling suppressed i nside their framework, which they would like to free. The opposition in the capital city of Kampala was again engaging, the fervor can be compared to the much-discussed overall show, â€Å"American Idol.† Through their support in that opposition, they were out to demonstrate that they can be mammoths in the midst of the enduring in their reality. The estimation of the move anyway in this film and the thumps of the drums, set some restriction concerning the messages that are should have been said in broad daylight, which now and again, no one but words can do. Inwardly, in an individual setting for the kids, they had the option to imagine that everything can be okay, yet when all is said in done, the desire for help and call for salvage are very subtle.

Health Issues Caused By PTSD

Health Issues Caused By PTSD PTSD Related Conditions Print How PTSD Relates to Physical Health Issues By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children milan2099 / Getty Images People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience a number of psychological difficulties such as depression, other anxiety disorders, and substance use-related problems;?? however, in addition to these psychological difficulties, individuals with PTSD may also be more likely to experience physical health problems.?? PTSD and Physical Health Problems Studies have found that compared to those without PTSD, people with PTSD are more likely to experience a number of physical health problems including for example:?? ArthritisHeart-related problems and diseaseRespiratory system-related problems and diseaseDigestive problems and diseaseReproductive system-related problemsDiabetesPain Given the number of physical health problems found to be associated with PTSD, it is not surprising that people with PTSD have been found to use and seek health care more than people without PTSD. How PTSD and Physical Health Issues Are Related Studies have found that there is something unique to PTSD (as opposed to simply being exposed to a traumatic event) that puts people at risk for developing physical health problems,?? and a number of theories have been proposed to explain this connection. It has been suggested that a variety of factors interact to increase the risk for physical health problems among people with PTSD. PTSD puts tremendous physical and emotional strain on a person. For example, as mentioned previously, people with PTSD tend to experience a variety of stressful psychological difficulties such as depression and other anxiety disorders.?? In addition, people with PTSD may engage in more risky and health-compromising behaviors, such as alcohol and drug use.?? The hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD may also put someone in a constant state of stress and anxiety. All of these factors may then combine to put tremendous strain and stress on a persons body,?? increasing the risk for physical health problems and illness. How to Improve Your Health If You Have PTSD If you have PTSD, your physical health may be at risk. Thats why it is important to seek out treatment for PTSD. The Anxiety Disorder Association of America provides a list of therapists across the United States who specialize in the treatment of PTSD. By speaking with a mental health professional, you are already making progress in coping with your PTSD. PTSD Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF By reducing the psychological difficulties associated with PTSD, you may also reduce your risk of a number of physical health problems. As part of your treatment for PTSD, it may also be important to start focusing on living a healthier lifestyle. A healthy diet, exercise, and eliminating bad habits (for example, stopping smoking) may not only improve your health  but also your mood. Behavioral activation is one technique that provides an easy way to increase the level of activity in your life, help you meet your goals, and can reduce PTSD symptoms.?? PTSD: Symptoms and Diagnosis

Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood - Free Essay Example

Aria Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood by Richard Rodriguez is a personal essay. Originally published by the American Scholar Magazine belongs to an elite class of thought-leader magazine it is a literacy magazine made for the Phi Beta Kappa society(CLR, 236). This personal essay is directed to people who have gone through the same thing as Rodriguez. People who have their struggles with learning a new language too can relate to some of the things he says throughout his essay. Rodriguez takes reader back in his life about 30 years to when he moved and started school. Rodriguez was born and raised in a spanish speaking family that moved to California, Sacramento. Rodriguez shows throughout his essay, that you can conquer anything that comes in life even the hardest things like learning a completely new language. Rodriguez, during this essay, talks about when he was a child and the troubles he had with Spanish vs English. Rodriguez shows readers the struggle he had to go through as a child to understand English. English was his public language and spanish was his private language he spoke around his family. Since he didnt know a lot of english his home was his safe place he could escape from the real world there. Rodriguez would slowly start to learn the English language it was struggle at first. Later on that it flips english becomes his safe space once he gets out there and develops a public identity. While Rodriguezs experiences as a child made him uncomfortable, I have to agree with his claim that developing a public identity requires speaking the public language in this case english. While Rodriguezs argument is important the ease in which he dismisses his familys closeness undermines his argument. Rodriguez uses his personal experience to support his argument that learning the public language helped him to develop a public identity. Before his schooling he and his family would only use the public language (English) when going to the market/store or going somewhere else to get essentials but other than that the family stayed strictly to their main language, Spanish. Towards the end he explains that he experiences little snippets that reminded him of his past because the strangers he overheard were speaking their private language, and he felt confused to what they were saying. He says, These instances of hearing a Spanish voice made him flashback to the golden age of his childhood. This shows us that being a part of bilingual education can really shut off ones diverse individuality and the connection between a child and his/her culture that they have grown up and became accustomed to throughout their life. Rodriguez then goes off to explain the thoughts of a bilingualists, and it says, In a sense, he thought that it didnt do as much good as everyone thought it would because his life changed in a more unexpected way then he wanted it to. That bond that an individual has with their heritage and culture makes them feel unique in their own way and makes them feel like they know their place in the world. Rodriguez uses his time at school to show readers how he grew as a person from not speaking any English to fully grasping the English language in order to support his argument against bilingual education. From the early stages of schooling to the end of it, the change of meaning between the public and private languages and how the roles of them changed. After the nuns went to his house they asked his family to start speaking English as well, and from there the American mainstream became more relevant to Rodriguezs lifestyle.   The way Rodriguez quickly discards his familys intimacy in favor of a public identity may cause readers to question his judgement. He says, which helps us understand what his life was like before the nuns came over. Now just picture a kid who had a great life and who was culturally sound with his family, but after moving into a new life that new life being english and that close family became driven apart. This is identical to what this boy had to experience at a young age and he himself saw his own family getting broken apart as he grew up because they couldnt find the cultural identification of their relationship. That cultural bond that they had was crucial, and he even says, . He describes that he saw in his parents, and the discomfort that they were living with on a daily basis. It wasnt only his parents but his sisters and brother who were constantly getting frustrated because the intimacy at home was changing. After the Rodriguez family started to speak English and the children grew more fluent. He describes an instance at home where frustration got the upper hand, Its difficult to even read through these tough times because the reader can just visualize the changes that the family had to go through. His father became significantly quiet as time went on and he mentions, He not only noticed this muted behavior at home but when his father was out with other men. He noticed, and when he would speak Spanish, he felt like he had confidence and authority, but he continued to be quiet. As children grow up, they create a close bond with their parents and when that bond is broken then they feel helpless and confused, and this is how he felt just going on with daily life not knowing what was going to happen next because his parents could never keep up with him and the language. Rodriguez attitude stands in contradiction to the commonly held belief of family first, which might make readers question if Rodriguezs priorities are similar to their own. If they are different, then his priorities about education might also be different, leading us to question his judgement about the value of bilingual education. The carefulness with which Rodriguez describes his language use as a child gives a clear picture of how his understanding of language changed as he learned English. Rodriguez catches the readers attention by describing how life changed when English came into the picture. He explains that his parents spoke with and how He and his family described the Americans as gringos and they use it in a context that seems like theyre dealing with some alien that they cant understand but is merely just an American speaking another language than theirs. The phrase gringos is used less and less as he moves on because of the transition when his life becomes the American mainstream. All in all While Rodriguezs experiences as a child made him uncomfortable, I have to agree with his claim that developing a public identity requires speaking the public language in this case english. While Rodriguezs argument is important the ease in which he dismisses his familys closeness undermines his argument. Throughout the story Rodriguez shows the several hardships he has to endure to finally get his public identity. Conclusion All the way from walking in on the first day of class, that is where it all started just with one single step. As the story goes on you see that Rodriguez starts to grow as a person and starts to understand the english language step by step. Still has his bumps in the road but has his family to back him up still since he hasnt totally shut them out yet. In the end, you finally see Rodriguez blosum into this human that started with only knowing about fifty words and someone that only knew the spanish language. To someone who has a great grasp of the english language uses it all the time now and doesnt talk a whole lot of spanish anymore. The only problem with that though is Rodriguez starts to shut out his family and absolutely dismisses them. Rodriguez did finally find his public identity, which he needed to speak the his public language, English.

How to Read and Write Files in Perl

Perl is an ideal language for working with files. It has the basic capability of any shell script and advanced tools, such as regular expressions, that make it useful. In order to work with Perl files, you first need to learn how to read and write to them. Reading a file is done in Perl by opening a filehandle to a specific resource. Reading a File in Perl In order to work with the example in this article, youll need a file for the Perl script to read. Create a new text document called  data.txt  and place it in the same directory as the Perl program below. In the file itself, just type in a few names — one per line: When you run the script, the output should be the same as the file itself. The script is simply opening the specified file and looping through it line by line, printing each line as it goes. Next, create a filehandle called MYFILE, open it, and point it at the  data.txt file. Then use a simple while loop to automatically read each line of the data file one at a time. This places the value of each line in the temporary variable $_ for one loop. Inside the loop, use the chomp function to clear off the newlines from the end of each line and then print the value of $_ to show that it was read. Finally, close the filehandle to finish out the program. Writing to a File in Perl Take the same data file you worked with while learning to read a file in Perl. This time, you will write to it. To write to a file in Perl, you must open a filehandle and point it at the file youre writing. If youre using Unix, Linux or a Mac, you might also need to double-check your file permissions to see if your Perl script is allowed to write to the data file. If you run this program and then run the program from the previous section on reading a file in Perl, youll see that it added one more name to the list. In fact, every time you run the program, it adds another Bob to the end of the file. This is happening because the file was opened in  append  mode. To open a file in append mode, just prefix the filename with the  Ã‚  symbol. This tells the open function that you want to write to the file by tacking more onto the end of it. If  instead,  you want to overwrite the existing file with a new one, you use the  Ã‚  single greater than symbol to tell the open function that you want a fresh file each time. Try replacing the with a and you see that the data.txt file is cut down to a single name — Bob — each time you run the program. Next, use the print function to print the new name to the file. You print to a filehandle by following the print statement with the filehandle. Finally, close the filehandle to finish out the program.

The Instrument Of The Electric Guitar Essay - 1496 Words

The electric guitar, today, is one of, if not the most popular musical instruments. However, how did the electric guitar come to be the loved instrument that it is today? Believe it or not, guitars have gone through an intense history that dates back all the way to the 7th century. Obviously, the guitar has evolved through many centuries, starting with ancient guitars, then the acoustic guitars, and finally ending with the electric guitars we all know and love. There has been a lot of controversy about where and how the guitar really came into existence, but many have a firm belief that it first originated in ancient Greece. There were two types of ancient Greek lyres, or string instrument; the Kithara was its name. In mythology, the Kithara was attributed to the Greek God, Hermes, who manufactured the instrument from a tortoise shell. The real Kithara was made of a wooden soundbox with a tail piece composed of two flexible upper arms, or horns, joined by a horizontal tuning bar with tuning pegs; usually, the Kithara had seven strings of equal length. The flexibility of the arms provided a ‘wave’ like sound, the notes being produced by the instrument strong and deep. The Kithara was a challenging instrument and musicians who played it, or a Kitharode, needed great skill. The Kitharode could regulate pitch by the tension and thickness of the strings. The instrument was usually played while standing up and music was made by stroking the plectrum with the right hand. TheShow MoreRelatedChanges in Musical Styles Related to Changes in Human Society1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning the manner in which music styles were affected by the introduction of the electronic age in general and the introduction of the electric guitar in particular, and how the electric guitar transformed the music styles of the 1960s and 1970s. A summary of the research and important findings concerning these issues are provided in the conclusion. Review and Discussion A wide range of events can influence theRead MoreMechanism Description of an Electric Guitar949 Words   |  4 PagesMechanism Description of an electric guitar Introduction An electric guitar is a stringed musical instrument played with fingers or a plectrum (pick). It consists of a body, a neck and a headstock to which usually six steel strings are attached. The magnetic pickups transform the vibrations of the steel strings into audio signals that are driven through an amplifier. Thus, the amplifier is also an essential part of the electric guitar. It was the need of amplified soundRead MoreWhat Kind Of Music Is Acoustic Music?1731 Words   |  7 PagesAcoustical Guitar What kind of music is acoustic music? Based on its sound, music can be categorized into various types. Acoustic music is music that solely or primarily uses instruments that produce sound through acoustic means, as opposed to electric or electronic means. The retronym acoustic music appeared after the advent of electric instruments, such as the electric guitar, electric violin, electric organ and synthesizer. People usually think acoustical music and electronic music isRead MoreThe Bands And Music Groups That Are Popular Today1179 Words   |  5 Pagesuse many different instruments to create the songs they present to us. A common instrument they tend to use is the guitar. Whether it is acoustic or electric, the guitar can be used in various styles of music such as rock, pop, or country, presenting it’s ability to adapt and change the different forms, creating perfect harmonies. Although, it is a well known instrument around the world, people do not appreciate the time and effort it takes to create such an incredible instrument. We tend to applaudRead More Physics of Electric Guitars Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction More than any other instrument, the electric guitar has shaped and redefined music in the last century. Although popular culture did not pay much attention to it when it was first introduced in the 1930s, it has since become equated with the very essence of rock and roll music. On an international level, the electric guitar is by far the most famous instrument to come out of the United States (howstuffworks.com). Background Inventors have been playing with the ideaRead MoreInfluential Musical Instruments: The Guitar Essay examples943 Words   |  4 PagesMusical instruments open up the creativity while producing a beautiful melody. The guitar is an insturment that speaks another language because it communicates to people without saying a single word through rythme. For instance, a lot of cultures use guitars to show happiness in their story telling. The guitar made history for Blues and Rock in Roll because without the guitar a lot of music scenes would not exist. Culturally the guitar is seen as a positive symoble it allows people to express theirRead MoreEssay on History of Fender ® Musical Instruments Corporation937 Words   |  4 PagesMusical Instruments Corporation is the worlds foremost manufacturer of guitars, basses, amplifiers and related equipment. With an illustrious history dating back to 1946, Fender has touched and transformed music worldwide and in nearly every genre: rock ‘n roll, country and western, jazz, rhythm and blues and many others. Everyone from beginners and hobbyists to the worlds most acclaimed artists and performers have used Fender instruments and amps, and legendary Fender instruments such as theRead MoreThe Introduction of the Electric Guitar647 Words   |  3 Pagesindustry was getting started. This was also the start of the Big Band Era (guitaristsource.com). Guitar makers started experimenting to develop a new, louder, guitar. Electrical amplification was developed by the radio industry in the 1920s (howstuffworks.com). In 1931, George Beauchamp and Adolf Rickenbacker would go on to develop an electromagnetic pickup they would later use to create the electric guitar. This first model would go on to be called the â€Å"Frying Pan†, because of its resemblance to theRead MoreEssay on The Success of the Willie Nelson Concert Experience806 Words   |  4 Pagesthe WNE, the bass guitar, and the one and only Willie Nelson. In the legendary WNE, I am the bass player. For this project, it took hours on end of studying the bass inside and out to become this legendary player that I dreamt of before this project. The electric bass, a mystical object that is the foundation of every song, was invented by Paul Tutmarc. Since the 1960s the bass guitar has replaced other instruments like the tuba, the organ, and other low pitched bass instruments. There are many typesRead MoreThe First Song Of The Playlist Was Called Almost Alright By Noveller. Noveller757 Words   |  4 Pageslistened to a program from the New Sounds collection. It was on electric guitarists/ composers. This collection first aired on July 21, 2014 and it consist of ambient electronic artists, who are known for creating sonic landscapes with their music. The first song of the playlist was called Almost Alright by Noveller. Noveller is an artist who plays her own music and tries to explore the different uses and sounds that can come out of a single guitar. She uses the different sounds to create unique textures

The Paralysis of Prufrock in The Love Song of J. Alfred...

Paralysis, the incapability to act, has been a key element of many famous literary characters. Shakespeare’s Hamlet is the paragon of paralysis, unable to sort through his thoughts, Hamlet only makes one decisive action, at the end of the play. T.S Elliot’s transfers Hamlets’ paralysis in his poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The name Elliot chose for this indecisive, timid man epitomizes his character as well as his flaws. J. Alfred Prufrock needs this ranting monologue in order for him to understand the severity of his paralysis and fear of women and society. Elliot’s poetry is a melting pot of literary allusions and references. The first lines are directly quoted from Dante’s Inferno. Prufrock, as can be interpreted from†¦show more content†¦In the next stanza, Prufrock tells himself repeatedly that â€Å"indeed there will be time.† This repetition is used in order to display Prufrock re-assuring himself that he does not need to meet the women in the room just yet, there will be time for himself and the woman he loves to meet and talk. Prufrock believes that there is enough time for his â€Å"hundred of indecisions and revisions before the taking of a toast and tea.† Not only does Prufrock seem to be afraid of confronting woman talking of Michelangelo, he seems intimidated by the social settings he must engage in. â€Å"There will be time, there will be time, To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet, There will be time to murder and create, And time for all the works and days of hands That lift and drop a question on your plate† (26-29) Prufrock’s social anxiety results in his worrying how others see him. He thinks about women’s arms and perfume, but does not know how to act. He admits he is ultimately afraid (line 86) of engaging in social activities. Elliot reveals the height of Prufrock’s paralysis by scrutinizing the absurdity of Prufrock’s concerns: â€Å"Should I, after tea and cakes and ices, / Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis?† In the next few stanzas, Prufrock describes himself- balding, middle-aged, and plain- in order to draw in the reader to the point-of-view of the society. As detailed as Prufrock scrutinizes his physical appearance, he feels theShow MoreRelatedThe Lovesong Of J. Alfred Prufrock Critical Analysis1643 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å" The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock† by T.S. Eliot’s persona is a middle-aged male who has an unpromising physical environment and will. Much of the poem consists of Prufrock contemplating whether to go forth with a daring act, but to the reader’s dismay this daring act he speaks of is talking to a woman who he seems to have feelings for. Eliot began to write The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock in 1909, and ending at the peak of his first published book, Prufrock and Other Observations, publishedRead More Comparing Joyce’s Ulysses and T.S. Eliot’s Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock952 Words   |  4 PagesEliot’s Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock In Episode 8 of Ulysses, Joyce sends Bloom and the reader through a gauntlet of food that enlarges one of the novel ¹s main linguistic strategies, that of gradual digestion. While Episode 10 may seem like a more appropriate choice for a spatial representation of the city, this episode maps digestion out like Bloom wanders the streets of Dublin, with thoughts entering foremost through the body and exiting them. In T.S. Eliot ¹s poem The Love Song of J. AlfredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1231 Words   |  5 Pagesmodernism. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, despite being one of T.S Eliots earliest publications, still manages to remain one of the most famous. He uses this poem to not only draw out the psychological aspect of members of modern society, but also to draw out the aspect of the time that he lived in. The speaker of this poem is a modern man who feels alone, isolated, and incapable of making decisive actions for himself. Prufrock desires to speak to a woman about his love for her, but heRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1125 Words   |  5 Pagesmodernism. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, despite being one of T.S Eliot s earliest publications, still manages to remain one of the most famous. He uses this poem to not only draw out the psychological aspect of members of modern society, but also to draw out the aspect of the time that he lived in. The speaker of this poem is a modern man who feels alone, isolated, and incapable of making decisive actions for himself. Prufrock desires to speak to a woman about his love for her, but heRead MoreEliots Views of Sexuality as Revealed in the Behavior of Prufrock and1147 Words   |  5 PagesEliots Views of Sexuality as Revealed in the Behavior of Prufrock and Sweeney The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock tells the story of a single character, a timid, middle-aged man. Prufrock is talking or thinking to himself. The epigraph, a dramatic speech taken from Dantes Inferno, provides a key to Prufrocks nature. Like Dantes character Prufrock is in hell, in this case a hell of his own feelings. He is both the you and I of line one, pacing the citys grimy streets on his lonelyRead MoreEssay Emotion in T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1453 Words   |  6 PagesEmotion in T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock In his poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† T.S. Eliot subtly conveys a wide variety of Prufrock’s emotions; he creates pathos for the speaker by employing the â€Å"objective correlative,† which Eliot defines as â€Å"a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events [that] shall be the formula of that particular emotion† (â€Å"Hamlet and His Problems†). The first stanza introduces Prufrock’s isolation, as epitomized metaphorically byRead MoreModernism - Araby and the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagessociety that resulted from contextual events. This allowed an altered view of the world as fractured and chaotic, especially due to paralysis and alienation in modern society. This newly perceived reality is reflected through techniques of fragmentation in modernist works such as James Joyce’s short story â€Å"Araby† and T.S. Eliot’s poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, fundamental and far-reaching changes in society often made individuals feel wary and estrangedRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock launched T.S. Eliot’s status as the influential poet of the twentieth century. The poem narrates the self-analysis of a man, Prufrock, who exposes the void and soulless quality of the modern world through his experiences. The morbid outlook of his life stems from his inability to find meaning in his existence. He is entrapped in a constant cycle of overwhelmingly negative emotions -- anxiety, hopelessness, and despair -- haunted by his fears and regrets. Prufrock’sRead MoreTechniques and Concerns of Modernism1482 Words   |  6 Pagesof new literary techniques as the progression from the Realism and Romanticism of the 19th century called for more realistic conventions in literature to allow writers express their values concerning t he changing world. The poem ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ by T.S. Eliot and ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway are two texts which highlight the concerns of rapid industrialisation and values such as sex before marriage. Modernist writers expressed their opinions through the useRead MoreHamlet to Prufrock1833 Words   |  8 PagesTiffany Li Ms. Hall ENG 4U1 December 13th, 2010 A Life Without Love, is No Life at All As the flawed in protagonists of Shakespeare’s Hamlet and T.S Eliot’s poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, both Hamlet and Prufrock live in a times of disharmony. Feelings of passion are controlled by realistic tendencies and neither allows sensitivity to rule their order. This underlying journey or quest for female contact causes both characters to live meaningless lives eventually leading to harsh

Public Health Information About Nigeria Essay - 1388 Words

Introduction Nigeria as a country is located in Africa and it is the most populous country with about 170 million people. It is a nation comprising of more than 250 ethnic groups, 380 languages with different range of cultural, religious beliefs and practices according to WHO report of 2000. The country is divided into six geo-political zones, 36 States with the state further subdivided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas and a Federal Capital Territory. Public health information about Nigeria Nigeria as a country has had several outbreaks of diseases which has resulted in several deaths annually. In recent times many Nigerian communities are conversant with diseases such as Cholera, meningitis and polio (Corper’s diary, 2012). For instance, in 2000, there was an outbreak of yellow fever and cholera where 2 and 126 deaths were recorded respectively according to WHO report of 2014. Also in 2010, it was recorded that Cholera outbreaks occurs in 15 states of the federation with a total death of 191. Other outbreaks that roack the country that same year include, Acute fever and rash syndrome, where 1118 cases including 76 deaths were reported in 12 Local Government Areas of Adamawa State in February 2005 and outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza, was detected on more than 130 farms in 11 of the country’s 37 states and the presence of A/H5N1 avian influenza virus in a 22-year-old deceased female from Lagos was reported in February 2007 (WHO report, 2014).Show MoreRelatedThe Role Of Power For Private Gain As Defined By The United. Nations Development Programme1610 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequences of corruption in the Nigeria health care system. Like other sectors in Nigeria, the health sector is not immune from corruption and this is because of the high demand for health care services which has enormously created opportunity for individuals in health care delivery to manipulate the system to their own advantages at the expense of the general public or consumers. The gap that this has created has made it difficult for targets and health care priorities to be met due toRead MoreThe Impact Of International Health Disparities On The United States And Nigeria1233 Words   |  5 PagesDuring my numerous trips to Nigeria to visit my extended family, I saw firsthand how international health disparities can affect communities. It is often challenging to make the highest standard of care available to all groups and individuals here, and I became increasingly motivated to devote myself to the mission of reducing health disparities in African countries. People in my family, regardless of societal class, suffered from various illnesses including HIV/AIDS, malaria, and polio because ofRead MoreSingapore And Nigeria s Health Care System Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesand wealthy, access to care is crucial to one’s health. Throughout this paper both Singapore and Nigeria will be compared to each other based their access to care for the entire population and the impact on the society the countries make. Singapore is known to ha ve the most cost effective health care systems, whereas Nigeria is known to have very little to no advancements in their health care system. â€Å"Singapore is one of the most cost effective health care systems due to the fact that â€Å"The governmentRead MoreMaternal Mortality During Developing Countries1453 Words   |  6 PagesMaternal mortality in developing countries is alarmingly high when compared with developed countries. Africa has the highest burden in the world and Nigeria accounts for a significant proportion of these deaths (1). The 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey reports maternal mortality in Nigeria at 576 deaths per 100,000 live births (2). One third of women in the country receive no antenatal service at all with much higher rates of this found in the rural areas compared with those in the urban regionsRead MoreExamining Knowledge Attitude And Sexual Practice Towards Hiv / Aids Among Students1008 Words   |  5 PagesEXAMINING KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND SEX UAL PRACTICE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS IN NIGERIA: A PUBLIC HEALTH ANALYSIS BY RASHEEDAT OLUWAKEMI OJIKUTU AND MONSURAT OLUBUKOLA OJIKUTU INTRODUCTION Several studies were reviewed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards HIV/AIDS among secondary schools students in Nigeria, in order to determine the existing gaps and to provide future recommendations. Specific Aims The specific aims for this review are as follows;Read MoreAwareness and Attitude on the Law Banning Smoking in Public Places in Osun State, Nigeria577 Words   |  3 PagesArticle Review The tittle: Awareness and Attitude on the Law Banning Smoking in Public Places in Osun State, Nigeria. Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2014, 12:6. The objective of this study was to assess people’s awareness and boldness towards law stopping smoking of tobacco in public facilities in Osun, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional study with sample size of 520. Ethical clearance was obtained from the â€Å"Osun State Hospital Ethics and Research Committee.† Informed consentRead MoreCauses Of Unemployment In Nigeria1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthem socially but psychologically. Nigeria economy since the attainment of political independence in 1960 has undergone fundamental structural changes. The Nigerian economy relatively grew in the greater parts of the 1970’s with the respect to the oil boom. The outrageous profits from the oil boom encouraged wasted expenditures in the public sector; dislocation of employment factor also distorted the revenue bases for policy planning. Unemployment in Nigeria is one of the most critical problemsRead MoreMalari An Health Problem That Can Be Stopped Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesMalaria: An Health problem that can be stopped. Nigeria has different health problems affecting the people in the country from communicable disease to infectious disease. Communicable disease like tuberculosis (TB), pertussis (whooping cough), cholera to infectious disease like diarrhea caused by either bacterial or protozoal, typhoid fever, malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Lassa fever, meningococcal meningitis and rabies. The health problem that will be address will be a vector borne diseaseRead MorePolio ( Poliomyelitis ) Is A Contagious Illness Caused By The Poliovirus920 Words   |  4 Pagesparalyzed (NYSDOH, 2014). Polio was not addressed as a serious issue in Nigeria until the mid 1900’s (Renne, 2010). When â€Å"Europeans† (white people) in Nigeria began contracting the virus, authorities decided it was necessary to begin to vaccinate individuals against polio. The vaccine was fairly new at the time (Renne, 2010). During the mid 1900’s, a few studies were conducted to check the level of polio anti-bodies in children in Nigeria (Renne, 2010). These studies lead to the idea that Nigerians wereRead MoreIncidence, Presentation And Management : Ectopic Pregnancy1279 Words   |  6 PagesNorthern Nigeria; Incidence, Presentation and Management Abstract Ectopic Pregnancy (EP) is a life-threatening gynecological emergency with high morbidity and mortality in northern Nigeria. Maternal mortality refers to the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy (Mairiga, et al., 2009). EP cases in northern Nigeria are of late presentations, tubal rupture with associated hemodynamic instability and consequences compounded by poor health system that

Foreign Language Requirement Free Essays

Foreign Language High School Requirement A survey done by the Center for Applied Linguistics in 2008 found that â€Å"The findings indicate a serious disconnect between the national call to educate world citizens with high-level language skills and the current state of foreign language instruction in schools across the country†(Cal:Research). This is concerning as all of the competition for the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Language Requirement or any similar topic only for you Order Now is gaining a step and we’re doing nothing . If the U. S. expects to continue to be competitive in the global market we need to have bilingual citizens. In order to ensure this, we must require a foreign language be learned in high school. To fully master a language by the end of high school, a student’s education of it needs to begin in Kindergarten. Studies have shown that the best time frame to learn a foreign language is from Kindergarten to 3rd Grade. It would be better, though, to start in Kindergarten so there is a consistent education throughout elementary school. The brain learns better at a young age so the language will be learned faster and more easily in lower grades. Not only this, but extended exposure is need to become fluent in a language (Porter). By the time the students reached high school they could speak the language outside of class to become even more fluent. By the end of high school these students would be bilingual. If the U. S. requires a foreign language be learned in high school, it’s education should start in Kindergarten. Bilingual students receive additional benefits outside of simply knowing another language. Bilinguals, superior to their monolingual peers, are better at critical thinking, pattern recognition, divergent thinking, and creativity (â€Å"Foreign Language A Must†¦ â€Å"). These advanced cognitive abilities are shown on tests as after 3-4 years of taking a language students show improved standardized test scores (Porter). This means that students will have better math and English test scores without even taking the classes. Also, bilingual students are more sensitive to other cultures. They can compare and contrast languages and know how what certain words mean in different contexts (â€Å"Make Foreign Language a High School Requirement†). This is something that is sorely needed in the U. S. because the majority of our citizens are unknowledgeable of different cultures. It would serve as a wake-up call. New bilingual citizens would bring new perspectives to problems that face our society today. Another benefit to learning a foreign language the brain â€Å"ages† slower and neurologists say learning a foreign language delays the onset of Dementia (Porter). In learning a foreign language, one enjoys many indirect benefits. Just knowing English isn’t enough for exchanges in diplomatic, military, professional, or commercial contexts with other countries. When in a different country, monolinguals are at a disadvantage compared to bilinguals because they have to hire an interpreter. Monolinguals have trouble picking up both verbal and non-verbal clues of a different language (Porter). They could violate social taboo and can’t follow side conversations. This is a huge risk as one could be thrown out of a country and by violating the unwritten rules. This could set an unwanted reputation for Americans. Having been bilingual, students have cultural knowledge and understanding. This helps with the daily interactions required in living in another country (â€Å"Make Foreign Language A High School Requirement†). Clearly having more bilingual citizens would help America in communication and interactions with other countries. Having many bilingual citizens also helps in diplomatic and economic interactions with a foreign nation as it establishes a good relationship by knowing their culture. â€Å"Thomas L. Friedman cited a businessman, Todd Martin, who said that ‘our education failure is the largest contributing factor to the decline of the American workers’ global effectiveness† (Porter). By requiring a foreign language be learned in high school, the U. S. will increase its workers ability to compete in the global market and their ability to interact with foreign workers. With society becoming more and more global, it will become a necessity to know a foreign language. Export business’s are growing in double digits every year and foreign business’s are expanding at a rapid rate (Porter). Obviously there is a growing need for bilinguals(Porter). At this point, there are more internet users in Asia than in North America (â€Å"Foreign Language a Must for High School Graduation†). The global economy is diversifying and if the U. S. expects to dominate the market we must follow the trend of our competition. In countries like Japan knowing two languages is the standard(â€Å"Make Foreign Language a High School Requirement†). How can we expect to compete with Japan if their workers have a big advantage over U. S. workers in knowing multiple languages. In terms of foreign language, the U. S. is lagging behind its competition and to keep up we need to follow the trend of requiring a foreign language. The opposition to requiring a foreign language in High School argue that it violates the right of students to choose some classes. They say it restricts the number of electives a student can take but a foreign language is far more important than some elective. A foreign language class is something that will benefit the student for the rest of their life. Students already have required classes for math, science, English, history, and a fine art, but a language is a fine art. In a foreign language class a student learns about the art of a different culture. For example, on Day of the Dead in Spanish class I learned about Hispanic culture. In creating art similar to what is used in Spain and Mexico on Day of the Dead, I expressed my creativity which is the purpose of an art class. Clearly, foreign language is a fine art, and therefore should be required. The opponents to requiring a foreign language in High School say that everyone else is learning English so why should we learn foreign languages. This is ignorant because we can’t expect everyone to learn English. By not knowing a different countries language, we have no insight into their culture and could never fully understand them. It makes sense to require a foreign language to understand foreign countries and to compete with them. Learning a foreign language needs to be a requirement in High School. The education of foreign language should begin in kindergarten because that is when a child learns best. By learning another language that child benefits through better test scores and improved cognitive abilities. Americans going to other countries would benefit through better understanding that countries culture and not needing an interpreter everywhere they go. The U. S. needs bilingual citizens to interact with other nations (Porter). If we want to be more marketable and compete on a global-scale we must become bilingual. By requiring a foreign language be learned in High School, we are creating a brighter and more prosperous future for the United States of America. How to cite Foreign Language Requirement, Essay examples Foreign Language Requirement Free Essays In the persuasive argument All Students Should be Required to Study a Foreign Language, posted on 123helpme. com the writer makes the argument that all Americans should have some type of formal education in a foreign language. The writer gives a few good reasons supporting his claim. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Language Requirement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The benefits given are better race relations for the country as well as an improved foreign interest. The writer is basing his claim on the solid assumption that language is the most fundamental aspect of a culture and when doing business abroad language barriers can be a burden. The argument even goes on to say that incorporating foreign language into the American society will create a more well-rounded society. â€Å"Foreign language skills can have a positive impact on race relations in America. † stated in the second paragraph of the argument. It is a known fact that the number of minorities in America are continually increasing. American students that study a foreign language of the predominate minority group in their region of the county have a better insight to the minority’s culture. Understanding a minority’s language can help natives understand their neighbors culturally and on a personal level. â€Å"If we take these bits of insight and understanding and couple them with compassion, fertile ground for multicultural harmony in America will be sown. † says the writer. Foreign language skill can definitely improve domestic affairs. America is a part of the global economy which involves American and foreign interaction. Having language barriers can be a burden when it comes to foreign interest. Most foreign businessmen speak English for the benefit of making money in American businesses. It is assumed that if American businessmen had foreign language skills they should be more successful at the bargaining table. Foreign language skill can also improve foreign relations. â€Å"If American ambassadors, envoys, diplomats and representatives were able to speak the language of their counterparts, conflicts could be resolved more easily. † the writer states. Foreign language can surely prove useful for foreign interest. All American students should be required to study a foreign language. This argument is valid and convincing due to its sufficient facts on the matter. The author gives 2 very reasonable claims towards the argument. Each point happens to be logical. The author evens points out counter arguments, which seem a bit closed minded and a bit unreasonable. Therefore the argument has certainly been made. . â€Å"All Students Should be Required to Sudy a Foreign Language. † 123HelpMe. com. 11 Oct. 2012 http://www. 123HelpMe. com/view. asp? id=20601. How to cite Foreign Language Requirement, Essay examples

Competitive Business Strategy E-Learning Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Business Strategy of E-Learning Strategy. Answer: Material 1: The e-learning activity regarding business strategy: 1st paragraph: Key ideas: The current report describes a few key factors from e-learning module of the current course curriculum. The first material promotes business strategy activities that need to be undertaken by the contemporary firms to improve the customer value proposition and the overall brand sustainability. The e-learning activity provides critical knowledge regarding strategizing business activity in a competitive business environment. First of all, the current session clearly demonstrates the region and the marketplace where a firm needs to compete with the rivals. Secondly, the unique value proposition would also generate from a well-built strategic consideration. Another key factor is to utilise potential resources and unique capabilities to create brand value and attractiveness in the marketplace. Finally, a possible strategy needs to be considered to identify the ways of sustaining the unique value. The presentation also indicates that choice of market and the potential customers are also an important factor to exploit the benefits of the different business strategies. A similar fact stated by Agarwal and Ansell (2016) that the orchestras vision helps to bring the strengths in the marketplace to win the competition against the weakness of the enemy. Finally, a potential business strategy also provides a boundary line to a company regarding which is not to do. Eventually, the market competitiveness and strength increases. 2nd paragraph: The beneficial applications: An Australia-based furniture retail organisation Jardan Furniture has been chosen to conduct the reflection of the current study. The firm Jardan Furniture is an Australia-based furniture retailer. The present business profitability of the enterprise, it can be benefited by targeting the business venture more in the Asian market, where the competition is comparatively lower. Also, mass production with the online retailing presence can also help the firm delivering value-added services to the customers. The overall report shows that the strategic business management is necessary for the current organisation to drive organisational sustainability and the future growth prospects. Also, time management, targeting the audience and offering varied, unique selling proposition need to be prioritised before strategizing the new activities. Thus, the brand competitiveness can be improved. It produces customised designs for the individual clients. However, Mullins (2012) stated that the mass pr oduction technique could make a low-cost organisation provider, which can increase the sustainability of the firm. As the company mainly serves Australia and Dubai, another set of global presence can be initiated through employing the unique strategy. The Myrna (2009) stated that the right integration of the regional acquisition. Also, the strategic movement of the defence mechanism to the better industrial application could also facilitate the firm offering first mover advantages (Li, 2011) Therefore, a complex set of tactics and activities can be generated by a strategic adoption, which can help the brand improving its business sustainability in the global market. Material 2: The e-learning activity regarding innovation business model: 1st paragraph: The key ideas: The second material describes what stands for the innovation business model and how it could benefit the firm developing brand value and recognition in its global presence. The key concepts learnt from the e-learning are that the majority of the marketers needs to rethink about the innovation of business model. The lack of adequate innovation might lead to the failure of meeting future business opportunity as well. It is also a fundamental fact that change improves customer value. At the same time, it reduces the cost of the firm as well. In the words of Pavie and Egal (2010), innovation not only means to develop new, but it also ways to offer something new that nobody has done before. The key change consists of four basic principles that are the initiation, ideation, integration and implementation of the business innovativeness. The business model change helps the marketers to regenerate the strategy, and targeting becomes easier as well. It is also mandatory to generate value propo sition for the customers. Thus, higher business revenue can be generated. In addition, the organisations need to implement one business model at a time, and right communication must be made to maintain the flow of innovation process. 2nd paragraph: The beneficial applications: This strategy can benefit the firm Woolworths Limited, which is experiencing issues regarding its business innovation process. Despite having greater employee strength, the top management is imposing higher work burden on the employees. The attrition ratio is increasing, and the firm is failing to meet its long-term business goals. Eventually, the employees are failing to deliver innovativeness as well. Thus, the company could learn from the competitors and reinvent the business model, not just the innovation. Therefore, Woolworths Limited can improvise 55 different change patterns and compare the outcome with the existing approaches of the competitors. Phillips (2009) also stated that over emphasising sometimes create issues in the change process. Therefore, a potential business innovation model could help the firm, attaining top managements commitment and overcoming the business innovation barriers in the international trade venture as well. Knowing the target customer could assist the company, identifying the strengths and weakness of the firm to compete in the market (Andries and Debackere, 2013). It has been determined that potential innovation on operational and HRM practices of Woolworths would also be required an adequate sponsorship program. The right innovation approach will not only create higher brand value, but it will also reduce the cost of the Woolworths business as well. Thus, a composition of strategic business management and business model innovation could help the current firm managing the brand sustainability and profitability in the global platform. The combination of effective operational and business innovation strategies could help the firm grabbing future opportunities. Also, Lindgren (2012) also stated that several times the contemporary organisations fail to utilise the over frequent invented syndrome. Therefore, the firm could rethink its innovative business model, and the management could offer a potential sponsorship program. Ther efore, a customised value can be provided to the customers. Hence, greater innovation and brand sustainability can be attained by the firm Woolworths. References: Andries, P. and Debackere, K. (2013) Business model innovation: Propositions on the appropriateness of different learning approaches, Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(4), pp. 337358 Lindgren, P. (2012) Business model innovation leadership: How do SMEs strategically lead business model innovation?, International Journal of Business and Management, 7(14), pp. 122124 Pavie, X. and Egal, J. (2010) Christensens innovation model and responsibility: The issue of integrating responsibility in a disruptive innovation model, Projectics Proyctica Projectique, 6(3), p. 69 Phillips, J. (2009) Defining your innovation model: 10 facets of innovation, International Journal of Innovation Science, 1(1), pp. 112 Agarwal, R. and Ansell, J. (2016) Strategic change in enterprise risk management,Strategic Change, 25(4), pp. 427439 Li, J. (2011) Rethinking international and global strategy,Global Strategy Journal, 1(3-4), pp. 275278 Mullins, J. (2012) PLAN B: RE-THINKING FUNDING, Business Strategy Review, 23(4), pp. 4749. Myrna, J.W. (2009) How to ensure your recessionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ fighting game plan gets implemented, Business Strategy Series, 10(3), pp. 173180

Critical Appraisal

Question: Discuss about theCritical Appraisal. Answer: Introduction This critical appraisal will try to look at the literary importance of this novel that depicts womanhood in a far different for. It has tried to show the social context and made references to the fact that how a complete woman could balance her family with work. Thus the depiction of self is critical theme of this novel. This novel illustrates Eva and then moves onto the life of her children. Literary Analysis This story "Tell Me a Riddle" speaks in a plenty of voices which is similar to Olsens other stories. The main character of the novel Eva but there are several ways in which the writer has aroused reader sympathy for David who is the husband (Sullivan 2012). This is due to the writer showing the struggle that both these characters faced. This pattern is followed for other characters like their seven children whose life and struggles were illustrated thus giving them voice. This revealed greater insights about the childrens behavior and attitudes. This is achieved by the author by not just shifting of the dialogue but also with the help of perception shifting and depiction of the other persons interests and motive (Cramer 2006). Yet Eva has always been the main and central character throughout the progress of the story. This is depicted by her sacrifices for the children with no personal identity and voice that she had. This is clearly indicated in the desire of the main character to be alone and in memories of her early days in Russia. The character thus wanted to live in the world of her early days than of the days wherein she was consumed for the benefit of others (Cunningham and Murphy 2016) Looking at Davids journey it is shown as a story of recognition. When he realizes that Eva might now survive and as the death draws nearer, he clearly sees that Eva recognizes her life outside the life that he provided her. Her desires were mainly outside. Eva thus cannot be comprehended by her life partner too. She lived a repressed life devoid of desires that she cherished for herself. Eva was thus forced to live her life her way by leaving her love for learning and revolutionary past for her children. The novel also depicts that her sacrifices were not acknowledged but rather ignored and taken for granted. The irony is depicted when Vivi thanks Eva for these sacrifices, thus the role of motherhood is clearly depicted. Insight into Techniques of Novel Writing Olsen is a passionate writer. She always tries to give a hint of optimism. She gave this through the character Jeannie. This character is the youngest member of the family and hence with the agency. The youngest in the family provides complete dedication and care towards her mother Eva. This is hopeful writing by the author in the otherwise depiction of neglect for the sacrificing female. This is ironical since the earlier instances of the story depicts Jeannie having a scathing view on life. Thus she becomes the agent of change and bringing back dignity for her grandmother. Thus she felt awareness could bring change. Thus the understanding of these issues depicts her compassionate style (Goulet 2015) The authors style is also radical in a number of ways since she has touched the sensitive topic of individualism and feminism. There are more than one protagonists in the novel. The story has been told in a linear manner. In the beginning the tough phase in Eva and Davids life are hidden like their sons death and their early days in Russian civil war. The author also shows how knowing anyone completely is difficult and empathizing is even more difficult. Relevance of Themes and Issues The main theme of the novel is around feminism and the story of the limited role that a woman had during those days in the society. Eva faced a lot of hardships and sacrifices throughout her life in order to raise her children in the meantime she told her individualism. This indicates that Eva was not a submissive female, this was before she entered the American way of life. There are indications that she was radical in her approach she started her learning to read and write from a murderer. Evas hero is Anton Chekhow, this shows her regard for the weak and those who lack voice. This is also due to being raised in delicate times in Russia. Her likeness for such people depicts her preference for individualism (Nuessel and Stewart 2012) There are other indicative themes like the importance of women as both mothers and career oriented women. It also depicts whether relationships can be equal. Thus the title depicts whether the riddle can be solved. Olsens work thus depicts that there are no simple answers to such questions. Thus the theme of not wasting a human life full of talents and dreams to such sacrifices is depicted. Thus there are new forms of narrative. The character David shall thus never reconcile with Eva. There are other themes like the portrayal of self-dignity and the thought of individualism. Eva is thus a symbolism of the duties as a mother and her own desires to lead her life in a particular way. Conclusion Thus this novel is a path breaking literature depicting womanhood in a very different manner through the character Eva. The author has thus depicted the story in a running manner which makes it interesting. References Nuessel, F. and Stewart, A.V., 2012. A course on women and aging in literature: Rationale, recommendations, and resources.Educational Gerontology,28(2), pp.121-138. Cramer, P., 2006. Building a Tradition for Lesbian Feminist Literary Criticism: An Annotated Bibliography.Feminist Teacher, pp.20-22. Sullivan, S.M., 2012. Sisters of song: Tillie Olsen's Women. Goulet, C., 2015. Death of the tragic female writer: a conversation with Karen Connelly.Studies in Canadian Literature/tudes en littrature canadienne,20(2). Cunningham, D. and Murphy, P., 2016.Understanding Dark Networks: A Strategic Framework for the Use of Social Network Analysis. Rowman Littlefield.

Albert Durer essays

Albert Durer essays Albert Durer was a very great artist. Some people consider him one of the best artists in the Renaissance period, or the best artist of the renaissance period in Germany. He only left Nuremberg three times to visit Venice and the Netherlands. Albrecht Durer was born in Nurembourg in May 21, 1471. His father, Albrecht Durer was a goldsmith, he had come from Germany to Nurembourg in 1455 and married Barbara Holper. Barbara's father was Albrecht's master. Albrecht was his father's third son. He was apprenticed by Michael Wolgumut in 1486 and began to work with woodcuts. He finished his apprentiship with Michael Wolgumut after four years. Than, in 1494, he married Agnes Frey and left Nuremberg to go to Venice the same year. He became very fascinated by their style and worked on woodcuts, drawings, paintings, wood and copper engravings. From that period on, the Italian influence was unmistakable in his work. Since paintings were very costly and not many people could afford them. Durer decided to work on woodcuts so that he could easily create copies of his work. These copies were used to educate people in religious and classical history. In 1507 Durer made another trip to Venice; he stayed there for a year and a half. After he returned, he seemed to have given up painting, and instead spent most of his time to his copper and wood engravings. In 1513 and 1514 he completed his three best-known copper engravings: 'Knight, Death and Devil', 'St. Jerome in His Study', and 'Melancholia'. Durer also researched about the mathematics of proportion and perspective and published two works on this topic during his life. He was a friend of Martin Luther and several other leaders of the Reformation. He died in Nuremberg on April 6, 1528. ...

War is Inescapable Part of Human Experience Essays

War is Inescapable Part of Human Experience Essays War is Inescapable Part of Human Experience Paper War is Inescapable Part of Human Experience Paper War is so omnipresent and commonplace in human history that some scientists even claim that peoples war-proneness could be explained by natural predisposition dictated by genes. Even though a military conflict is too complex to be triggered by nothing but an innate inclination, aggression that fuels it seems to be integral to social behavior. Therefore, war can be regarded as an inescapable part of human existence. First of all, war is an essential part of social experience, as it is provoked by inevitable clashing of interests of nations on a global level. Such conflicts arise because of a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals of hostile parties. A good example here is a ;Cold War logic; which only relatively recently stopped prevailing in international policies of the most of developed countries. It refers to the way of perceiving foreign affairs in general as a ;zero sum game;, meaning that there exist only two possibilities victory or defeat. Consequently, human society is prone to war because rival parties see alms of each other as mutually exclusive. Secondly, war often derives from peoples most Innate predisposition to survive in a world where resources are scarce. Such scarcity, has resulted in a some kind of struggle for existence leading back to the times, when ancestors of the Homo Sapiens competed with other species for food and habitat. Although nowadays people do not have to fight for such basic necessities, there always will be things considered to be rare and vital, for Instance, OLL and natural gas. Thus, It Is one of the most primitive Instincts of fighting for survival which makes one engage In warfare. Last but not least, a military conflict Is a ubiquitous phenomenon because war begets war. There can be seen a recurring pattern In the outbursts of International aggression war spreads In the manner of an Infection, reproducing Itself over and over again. Likewise, hostile attitudes and tensions soar In response to ar-like neighbors, not mentioning such catalyst of an armed conflict as retaliation and blood feuding. For that reason, the International arena Is predisposed to be a theatre of military actions. All In all, there exist a number of arguments proving that war Is an essential part of human experience. First, It Is kindled by Inevitable Incompatibility of Interests and goals. Second, the scarcity of resources has elicited war throughout the history. Third, aggression provokes aggression, repeating Itself In a vicious circle.

Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Governance - Essay Example 5,6). A Director is considered independent provided he or she is free of any business or other relationship with CCA or a related party which could reasonably be perceived to materially interfere with the exercise of their unfettered and independent judgment. A related party for this purpose would include the Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola Amatil Limited , 2012, p. 9). a) Does the board have a remuneration/ compensation committee? Yes, the Board has a compensation committee which gives the quantum and structure of compensation(Coca-Cola Amatil Limited , 2012, p. 14). The Board (on the recommendations of the Committee) has set a remuneration strategy that supports and drives the achievement of CCA’s strategic objectives (Coca-Cola Amatil Limited , 2012, p. 19). b) Does the board monitor and review outcomes of the remuneration system in place to ensure that the remuneration system is operating as intended?Yes, The Compensation Committee (Committee) is responsible for reviewing the nature and amount of the Group Managing Directors and senior executives’ remuneration (Coca-Cola Amatil Limited , 2012, p. 19). a) Does the board oversee the overall function of the company of strategic objectives, risk strategy, corporate governance and corporate values? Yes, the coca cola company has laid a good foundation of management and oversight which includes monitoring, reviewing and laying a strategic direction for the company(Coca-Cola Amatil Limited , 2012, p. 9). b) Do the board members posses appropriate experience, competencies and personal qualities and qualified to hold the governance position?Yes, the nomination Committee reviews the Board’s composition to ensure that it comprises Directors with the right mix of skills, experience, expertise and diversity to enable it to fulfill its responsibilities to shareholders (Coca-Cola Amatil Limited , 2012, p. 9). c) Has the board established a proper

The changing of cool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The changing of cool - Essay Example To be intelligent and creative is cool and does have to be a huge thing, it could just be intelligent and creative to your own life, career or anything. It’s now the time that one becomes the cool maker in other words 'The Merchants of cool', such as Mark Zuckerberg who is the creator of Facebook, Steve Jobs who is the creator of Apple or Marc Jacobs etc. It is now the time to change the cool and the mentality of people especially teenagers so that we can have new people like Steve Jobs and Zuckerberg rising; now this is going to be cool in real essence. Due to this ‘being cool’ phenomenon most teenagers are actually losing their individuality to compete with the ever growing modernism and coolness. As Fromm said, if men and women discovered to take up their own conscious selves, completely and freely then they would discover that they are no more alone: they would have themselves for organization. Once one has organization one can experience harmless or benign to ward others. For Fromm, it was the only answer to the problem of the alienated people in regards to today's modernism. The only factor which can preserve mankind right now from its own soul destroying solitude is a person's capability to occupy what is known as the "authentic" self. If you obtain authenticity, you would be compensated with the inner serenity which is necessary to become a free agent. We are now residing in a place where â€Å"economic, public and governmental circumstances do not provide a foundation for the understanding of personality.† So now if we need our authenticity and individuality back we need to work on it ourselves. Intellectuals have said that they just had one thing which is consumerism. The desire of life goods—escapist conformism—would etherize the unrealized starvation for a authentic self. (Boston Review 2013) As discussed earlier, we should look into what the 'makers of cool' do and how they do that which makes the youth of to day so crazy that for them 'being cool' is the top most thing. So frontline did a survey on 'The merchants of cool' , the makers and suppliers of well-known modern lifestyle are the people who have actually made the young people the most well-known customer market in the United States. But the question arises that are these people simply showing teenager wishes or have they started to produce those wishes themselves in a bid to protect this profitable market? And have these people cross the line in their effort to achieve the wishes and money of the youth? Douglass Rushkoff, the frontline reporter, investigates the tactics, methods, and public consequences of these promotion moguls in "The Merchants of cool" survey made by Barak Goodman and Rachel Dretzin, the programs talks with all the top marketers, press professionals and cultural/media experts, and examines the union connection between the press and contemporary young people, because in a way each looks to the other for its ide ntification. Teenagers are the most sought after customers in the market. In a year, The United Sate's young people invested about 100 billion dollars, while influencing their parents’ to invest another 50 billion dollars. But it is not that easy as it

Environmental Impact Of Leather Tanning Industry

Environmental Impact Of Leather Tanning Industry The global environment is gradually worsening as a result of the socio-economic activities of mankind. Leather tanning industry plays significant role in economy of a country through employment and export earnings; but resulting pollution from tanning process causing severe environmental degradation. Tanning is the process by which hides or skins are converted into leather. After removal of flesh and fur from the hide it is treated with chemicals which cross linked the microscopic collagen fibers to form a stable and durable leather product. A schematic diagram of tanning is presented and this indicates the type of waste stream generated from tanning process (Fig.1.1) (Harrison, 2001). Leather processing comprises of series of operations that can be classified as pre-tanning, in which hides or skins are cleaned; tanning process, which permanently stabilizes the hides and post-tanning or finishing operations, where final shape value is added for manufacturing of leather (Ramasami, Rao, Chandrababu, Parthasarathi, Rao, Gayathri and Sreeram, 1999). Production of leather from tanning of hides and skins has been an important activity since ancient times. For processing a ton of hide approximately 30-40 cubic meter (m3) of water is used (Suthanthararajan, Ravindranath, Chitra, Umamaheswari, Ramesh and Rajamani 2004). Currently, about 6.5 millions tons of wet salted hides and skins are processed worldwide annually. About 3.5 millions of various chemicals are used for leather processing. A considerable part of this amount is discharged into the effluent (Ludvik, 1996). Tanning of hides and skins by the usual tanning process is wholly a wet process from which a large volume of liquid waste is almost continuously discharged throughout the working hours of an industry. Usually soak waste, liming wastes and spent vegetable tan liquors are discharged intermittently (Song, Williams and Edyvean, 2000). It is approximated that 30-40 x 1010 liters of effluent is generated by worldwide annual processing of 9 x 109 kg hides and skins (Thanikaivelan, Jonnalagadda, Balachetran and Ramasami, 2004). Leather industry consumes a large amount of water so the availability of good quality water and the treatment of large amount of effluent are the two major issues. The tannery wastewater is a mixture of bio matter of hides and a large variety of organic and inorganic chemicals. Tanneries leave the wastewater usually contain organic and inorganic matter with high level of salinity, ammonia and organic nitrogenous pollutants and other toxic pollutants including sulphide and residues of chromium metal salt) (Ros and Gantar, 1998). Tannery effluents are characterized as highly colored, foul smelling with acidic and alkaline liquor (World Bank, 1998). Poor processing practices and use of unrefined conventional leather processing further aggravate the pollution problem. In tannery effluents presence of chromium and hydrogen sulfide formed due to sulfide are highly toxic to many living beings. Indiscriminate discharge of effluents into water bodies or open land causing contamination of surface and ground water in addition to degradation of flora and fauna of soil have direct impacts on agricultural land (Khawaja, Rasool, Fiaz and Irshad, 1995; Ramasami, Sreeram and Gayatri, 1997). The leather tanning industry significantly contributes to economy of a country. The major leather production centers in the world are found in Mexico, Brazil, Japan, South Korea, China, India and Pakistan. Leather tanneries generate three type of waste including wastewater, solid waste and air emissions. So far, wastewater is considered as the most important environmental challenge faced by Pakistans tanneries (Iqbal, 1998). In Pakistan, tanneries are established both in formal and informal sector presently over 596 tanneries are established in the formal sector and equally large number of tanneries exists in the informal sector (ETPI, 2001). Increasing number of tanneries in Pakistan is to be considered as the major cause of environmental degradation because untreated effluents from tanneries are released into environment. Kasur district has more than 350 tanning and it has become the mean livelihood of most of residents. The present study focuses on identification environmental problems related to tanneries wastewater in Kasur through participatory action and involve local communities for self managed collective actions for application of locally available and cost effective wastewater treatment technologies within their industry premises. In this process participants learn wastewater treatment technologies through social learning process which is based on the principle of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“learning by doingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Participatory research allows researchers to gain a better understanding of problem. Participatory GIS approach is used for the purpose of involving community and development of GIS database. Participatory GIS is a spatial decision making tool designed to utilize GIS technology with participatory approach in the perspective of needs and capabilities of communities that are involved through and affected by development projects. Novel community mapping and modeling methods linked to GIS for implementing community-based planning, have been studied and developed since the 1990s (Dunn, Atkins and Townsend, 1997; Abbott, Chambers, Dunn, Harris, DeMerode, Porter, Townsend and Weiner,1998; Sieber, 2006) and began to spread into China through international development projects (Cai, Zhu and Dai, 2001; McConchie and McKinnon, 2002; Wang, 2003). Participatory GIS technique encourages community participation and involves community in the production of GIS (Cinderby, 1999). Participatory GIS generally resulted from the combination of participatory methods i.e. Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) with geo-spatial technologies (Rambaldi, Kyem, Mbile, McCall and Weiner, 2005). Within this broad range of approaches different techniques have been employed in specific locations and projects to investigate specific issues or encourage participation from particular groups or stakeholders. It has been a commonality of many participatory GIS that the process of participation (including the collection and collation of information) has often been emphasized in the process more than the technical utilization of GIS which requires access to specific expertise (McCall, 2004). Geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based system for capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing, and displayi ng geographic data for solving spatial complex resource planning and management problems (Densham, 1991). In GIS framework data is categorized into spatial data and attribute data. The data is stored in current GIS within two separate databases one for spatial data and one for attribute data. In most GIS representation of spatial data is in vector (points, lines, and polygons) and raster (pixels or grids) forms (Burrough, 1986). These conventional vector and raster representation of geographic features in GIS focus on database management including query and spatial analysis (Rhind, 1990). In the development of a GIS database, different features are processed and stored in separate data layers representing geographic themes. All data layers in the same GIS database are required to be geocoded to a standard coordinate system such as State Plane coordinate system. Therefore, a GIS database can be conceptualized as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sandwichedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  data layers containing different types of geographic features, registered to a common base map. GIS store, manage, and analyze geographically referenced data and devices that measure geographic location such as Global Positioning System (GPS) provides data on location in terms of latitude, longitude and altitude required for the GIS (Deichmann and Wood, 2001). Participatory action research combines aspects of popular education, community based research, and social action. Participatory action research is collaborative processes in which researchers work with community to identify an area of concern and community take part to generate knowledge about the issue, formulate plan and carry out actions meant to address the issue in substantial way (Brydon, 2001). Participatory research approach empowers community members to collaborate with researchers to better understand their own problems and to find effective and viable solutions. Participants in the research process can identify a problem, collect and analyze relevant information, and act upon it in order to develop solutions and to promote social and/or political transformation (Selener, 1997). Participatory research represents a distinct set of practices or approaches to generate knowledge, including a variety of quantitative and qualitative research methods (e.g., participant observation, personal interviews, focus groups, and participatory needs assessment surveys). Treatment of tannery effluents has been searched for physical, chemical and biological methods. The biological treatment, especially the use of microorganisms to improve polluted water quality is effective and widespread due to environmentally and economically as compared to chemical treatment. Effective Microorganisms or EM Technology is selected for the treatment of tannery wastewater. The concept of EM Technology was developed by Professor Teruo Higa, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. EM consists of beneficial naturally occurring microorganisms that have a reviving action on humans, animals, and the natural environment. EM is a mixed culture of selected species of microorganisms including predominantly lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and other types of organisms which are mutually compatible and can coexist in liquid culture (Higa, 1991; Higa and Wididana, 1991). The ultimate goal of this research is to break psychological, social, technical and economic barriers in technology adoption by tanneries owners and workers. So that tanneries owners and workers are enabled for self organized collective wastewater management within their working environment. Through this process community participation is anticipated in all stages of action research including problem identification, data collection, participatory GIS and application of wastewater treatment technology. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The objectives of my study are as follows: Preparation of GIS database of small tanneries through participation of stakeholders in Kasur. Demarcation of small tanneries and wastewater channels discharging from tanneries through participatory GIS mapping. Identification and selection of locally available and effective wastewater treatment technologies. Laboratory experimentation to check the efficacy of selected wastewater treatment technology. Develop simplified methods to increase social acceptance of waste minimization techniques through community participation.